Humanização em pediatria: O que pensam os profissionais e cuidadores

Abstract

Humanization in health is configured as a process of transformation of the institutional model of health, which seeks to emphasize the values that encourage the autonomy and protagonism of the subjects, the co-responsibility between them, the construction of cooperation networks and collective participation in the process management. Although public policies aimed at humanization have been built, there are still difficulties in their implementation, especially due to the different meanings attributed to this social object. Therefore, the objective of this study was to apprehend the social representations about humanization among health professionals working in pediatrics and the perception of family members accompanying children and adolescents hospitalized about humanized care. For this, a qualitative research was carried out in a university hospital in Paraíba, through semi-structured interviews with twelve professionals and twelve family members. The results, analyzed through thematic categorical analysis, identified that, among professionals, humanization is predominantly represented by individual actions, characterized by a humanitarian nature. The polysemy of the term humanization was evidenced, since it has several anchored meanings. The main elements are related to ethical and relational issues, others, less expressive, are related to scientific aspects, politics and SUS. It is pointed out that the practices seem to express values aimed at affective ties, as well as having a concern aimed at resolving the issue of illness, with the effective use of clinical reasoning, materials, exams and necessary procedures. The lack of representations of the object as a user's right was emphasized, which ends up leaving humanization actions under the individual choice, removing the collective character of the effectiveness of the policy, in addition to subtracting from the citizen their right to quality health. The users, in turn, brought opinions of common sense that referred to affective aspects of care. They evaluated the assistance, in general, in a positive way, mainly with regard to the technical capacity of the team to solve the patient's health problem. They added some structural issues that should be reorganized, especially regarding the food and comfort of family members. The team-companion relationship, despite having a satisfactory evaluation, showed some impasses, such as a failure in the communication of information given by the workers, a difficulty in the clarity of the companion's role, which ends up generating conflicts between this dyad. The family members detailed the various nuances of being a caregiver for a child / adolescent in the hospitalization process, showing the difficulty in exercising this role, in view of the various demands that are required of them, added to the potential stressor of their child's illness. It is noticed that both professionals and companions bring a limited view of humanization, without a discussion within the scope of the law. It is necessary to offer actions that can promote reflections and strategies in humanization for both professionals and users, in order to promote new meanings in the way of thinking and concretizing the proposal of humanization in health.