Fatores não clínicos associados ao alfabetismo em saúde bucal: um estudo com adolescentes

Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate non- clinical factors associated with oral health literacy (OHL) in teenagers from Campina Grande, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted with 740 teenagers aged 12 years old and 746 teenagers aged 15 to 19 years old, which was selected by probabilistic sampling in public and private schools. BREALD-30 was the instrument chosen to evaluate OHL. Questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic information, of legal and illicit substances (ASSIST) and family cohesion and adaptability (FACES III). The teenagers were also asked about the type of dental service used for them. The inter and intra-examiner agreement for BREALD-30 was K> 0.80. A directed acyclic graph was used to select the confounding factors. The descriptive analysis and Poisson regression (α = 5%) were conducted. RESULTS: Those associated with a higher level of OHL were teenagers aged 12 years old: female (SR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.03- 1.14), connected family cohesion (SR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.20), family adaptability of rigid types (SR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.25) and structured family (SR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.20), the mother's schooling over eight years of study (SR= 1.16; CI 95%: 1.10-1.22), the age of teenager responsible above 38 years old (SR= 1.07; CI 95%: 1.02-1.13) and the private dental service (SP = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12). And for teenagers aged 15 to 19 years old of higher OHL was associated with mother's schooling over eight years (SR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.12), monthly household income higher than R$ 937 (SR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01- 1.09), less than 5 home residents (SR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14), white ethnicity (SR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01- 1.10), married parentes (SR= 1.04; CI 95%:1.01-1.09), a agglutinated family cohesion (SR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.12-1.30) and the family adaptability of the rigid (SR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.19) and structured family (SR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01- 1.12), in addition to the use of private dental services (SR= 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.13). CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic factors, the quality of family relationships and the type of dental service used were associated with the level of OHL among teenagers.