Analysis of registration data of types of water supply for the epidemiological surveillance of diarrhecal diseases in small cities

Abstract

This research on the analysis of cadastral data of types of water supply solutions, with a view to the epidemiological surveillance of diarrheal diseases, in the city of Araruna-PB, is part of a larger program on the diversity of water supply solutions in cities located in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, which face water scarcity problems, and the use of collective and individual alternative solutions for supply are used to supply the need for water supply. Registration forms prepared in accordance with the recommendations of the National Water Quality Surveillance Program for Human Consumption (VIGIAGUA), applied from February to November 2019, were analyzed. 2145 supply solutions were registered, from the connections to the general network from the water supply system (SAA), operated by the Paraíba Water and Sewage Company (CAGEPA), to collective (SAC) and individual (SAI) alternative solutions. The data were grouped according to the coverage areas of the Basic Health Units (UBS) 3, 4 and 5, located in the urban perimeter of the city of Araruna and were classified according to the type of supply solution. The notification system presents many difficulties for data recovery, for example, of the total of 237 notifications of diarrheal diseases in the municipality, according to the record of the Municipal Health Department of Araruna, in 2019, 81 cases were registered at UBS 5, the rest being distributed, more significantly, in the rural area and secondarily in the other urban UBS. The cadastral data allowed to verify that the most distinct aspect of the area served by UBS 5 is the high amount of individual alternative solutions using shallow wells, which may be associated with the high number of cases of diarrhea, considering that this device is more favorable the transmission of waterborne diseases, due to the lower availability of health protection measures.