A proteção aos deslocados internos ambientais: análise comparada dos casos de Brumadinho (Brasil, 2019) e Hidroituango (Colômbia, 2018)

Abstract

This research aims to compare the protection of population forced to move due to environmental disasters (floods, landslides, major Works, and dam failures) in Brazil and Colombia, since both countries present a wide range of inhabitants compelled to forced displacement due to the occurrence of these disasters. The case studies are the collapse of the Fundão Dam, by Mineradora Vale, which occurred in the city of Brumadinho, state of Minas Gerais, in January 2019, and the rupture of the Ituango Hydroelectric Dam, in Colombia, in April 2018. Based on the above and the situation of latent vulnerability to which environmentally internally displaced persons are exposed, the object of this research, it is intended to provide answers to the following research problem: How Brazil and Colombia have protected internally displaced persons due to disasters, between 2010 and 2020, despite the absence of an international regime to protect them? The hypothesis is that Brazil and Colombia have been negligent in protecting internally displaced people within the established timeframe. It is intended to elucidate the research problem through Betts` (2009) theory of Protection by Persuasion, via cross-issue persuasion, as bringing solutions to this question is a challenge that can be faced through cooperation between actors. Environmentally internal displacement is multi-causal, that is, it is not an isolated event that motivates it, but a range of factors that together give rise to the phenomenon, Hence, the explanation of the proposed object of study will be interdisciplinary. The research method used was the deductive one, as it starts from the larger premise, starting the research dealing with environmental disasters and internally displaced people until reaching the smaller premise, such as internally displaced people due to environmental disasters. The evaluation technique involved qualitative aspects, as it brought the complexity and interaction of elements related to the object of study, and quantitative, as there was a need for data collection and analysis of data collected during the research. Finally, the research hypothesis was verified, considering that Brazil and Colombia, in the time frame and established case studies (Brumadinho and Hidroituango), have not protected their environmentally internally displaced people.