Novo desenvolvimentismo e teoria marxista da dependência: um olhar para o nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

The socioeconomic configuration of the Northeast region of Brazil is determined by the dependent relationship it establishes with the imperialist powers of the capitalist world. This situation is a historical reflection of Latin America's subordinate insertion to European commercial capitalism in the 16th century, its role being the export of fresh products to feed the internal needs of the central countries. Faced with this context, several theories that thought about Latin American development pointed out as a central problem the issue of productivity for the constant reproduction of this dependent condition. It is from this main aspect of rooted dependence that this dissertation seeks to identify the modern conditions for the reproduction of capital for the Northeast region of Brazil, with the focus of our investigation establishing the time space established between the years 2003-2010, which refers the so-called ―Era of New Developmentalism‖, in which the Brazilian economy grew substantially through the commodity boom and through social income transfer programs. We will start here from the notion of dependence as formulated by the Marxist Theory of Dependence (TMD) for Latin America, which in its analysis seeks to identify the determinants and specificities of the dependent condition, with our focus on updating its categories and methods of analysis socioeconomic dynamics of the Northeast. At the center of the debate is the unequal exchange of value and the overexploitation of the workforce, mechanisms generated historically since its insertion in the international market. The methodology used was descriptive and qualitative and quantitative, using bibliographic research as the method of data collection. The results obtained are expected to contribute to the expansion of the debate on the logic of the functioning of market laws for the Northeast region, with regard to the aspects that involve the perspective of development and socioeconomic conflicts. From this investigation in the period of the new developmentalism we were able to identify that little has changed the form of historical dependence in the region, as there was no evidence of comparative advantage from this commercial relationship, we conclude that although there have been many changes in the Brazilian context, very little has changed in terms of aspects of submission to international imperialism.