Dificuldades de aprendizagem no processo de alfabetização: uma proposta de intervenção pedagógica

Abstract

The literacy is a continuous and fundamental process in the formation of any individual, however, for decades, high levels of failure were concentrated in the early grades of elementary school, which were often justified by blaming methods, teachers and, obviously, the child herself or himself. Keeping in mind that this is still perpetuated today, the present work focuses on the difficulties resulting from the complexity that exists in the teaching-learning process, which become effective in the literacy process and involve teachers and learners. This investigation is based on reflections and concerns arising from a problem that has been perpetuated and resulted in socio-educational exclusion, in which the child is the main affected. Therefore, this study has the purpose to develop teaching strategies, based on the stages of frequency, systematics and consistency, that aims to overcome the learning difficulties in writing of children in the 4th grade of Elementary School I. This is a collaborative action research, with experimental, ethnographic and bibliographic characteristics, having as main theoretical and methodological contributions the studies of Dolz and Schneuwly (2004), Ferreiro and Teberosky (1995), Freitas, Alves and Costa (s.d), Kleiman (1995; 2008), Piaget (1990), Soares (2004) and Vygotsky (1991). The data analyzed indicated that the non-learning majority of the children participating in our research were symptoms of a teaching disability, a dyspedagogy and not a learning disability, but that the mediation made it possible to overcome difficulties by approaching the asymmetric writing of a conventional writing, which refere that acting / intervention in 4th grade classes is of vital importance, not only for literacy teachers to identify the cause (s) of their students' non-learning in writing, but to realize that through mediation, and with a close look, build bonds of trust enabling new learning and overcoming existing difficulties.