Otimização do método de reconstrução facial forense digital tridimensional

Abstract

Forensic facial reconstruction is an auxiliary method for identifying skeletonized human remains by creating a face with similar characteristics to the individual when in life, allowing for increased recognition possibilities, and directing identification through comparative examinations such as dental or DNA examination. The practice of three-dimensional digital reconstruction of an individual's face from the skeletonized skull is not yet routine for most dental practitioners because it is a multi-step process that requires a deeper knowledge of computer science. This work aimed to optimize the process of three-dimensional digital facial reconstruction, improving the usability of the method with a forensic protocol using three-dimensional digital technologies through an exploratory case study, divided into two stages. Step 1 consisted of proposing a 7-step protocol for using the following software tools: InVesalius, Blender and Manuel Bastione LAB. The reconstruction starts from a three-dimensional virtual image of a bony skull, where soft tissue thicknesses are applied to craniometric points, and a face model with compatible anthropological features is used and fitted to the skull. Stage 2 consisted of the practical application of stage 1 following the principles of Bioethics and Universal Rights, in a sample of three skull tomographic images of users treated by SUS, with medical purposes, in a diagnostic imaging clinic. As well as filling out an anthropological identification form. Inclusion criteria were: the image is of a user who has had the exam for medical purposes, and thus does not undergo any additional radiation dose for the research; and is over 18 years old. Exclusion criteria were users with pathological changes in the bone surface or soft tissue of the face. Data analysis was performed by comparing the standard image that was captured on tomography with the virtual reconstruction image, using CloudCompare software. The results of this study demonstrate a simplified method of virtual three-dimensional facial reconstruction possible and applicable for forensic practice to assist in identifying bones by the accuracy level achieved.