Representações sociais da reforma psiquiátrica por equipes de limpeza e cozinha dos CAPS

Abstract

The kitchen and cleaning staff teams of Psychosocial Care Centers (also known as CAPS) are contemplated in the mental health public policies, but at the same time, the only reference to their work mentions that they are included as employees of the service, not describing the aspects of this occupation. These social actors are inserted daily in the dynamics of the CAPS and the apprehension of their social representations allow us to know how they live their experiences, behave and act socially. This research aimed to analyze the psychiatric reform in its historical and theoretical aspects and the social representations of psychiatric reform and madness by these teams. Therefore, two studies were performed, according to the respective objectives: 1) Dissert about psychiatric reform in its historical, theoretical and mental health public policies from a narrative literature review. 2) Analyze social representation of psychiatric reform and madness concept by the CAPS cleaning and kitchen staff teams. In the first study, the narrative literature review delimited the psychiatric reform from guiding themes, such as: brief history about madness, Basaglian tradition, Brazilian psychiatric reform, characterization of psychosocial care centers as a locus of research: theoretical and field studies, transformations in the national mental health policy. Finally, considerations were made in terms of progress, setbacks and challenges. Meantime, the second study was characterized as exploratory, descriptive, with qualitative approach. Thirteen cleaning and kitchen professionals from seven CAPS from a city in Paraíba participated, selected non-probabilistically and by convenience. For data collection, a social-occupational questionnaire was used, analyzed through descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and semi-structured interview, analyzed through content analysis, thematic categorical type. Data showed three categories and fifteen subcategories. Among the 253 content units, 44,2% corresponded to the category Representations about work/daily life. The representations were about the entrance in the mental health service, personal feelings, relationship with the team, operation of the service, training/search for information and role of the professional. The other categories dealt with representations of psychiatric reform and madness. The social representations evidenced the psychiatric reform as primordial in the psychosocial attention, while madness was objectified through the contingent, inexplicable and organic view. It was noticed that the psychiatric reform movement transformed, through social practices, the representations of the respondents, but it is necessary to continue training the teams so that the reform project keeps bringing the promotion of subjectivities to light.