Traumas por acidentes de trânsito entre vítimas socorridas pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the occurrence of traumas related to traffic accidents among victims rescued by the Emergency Mobile Assistance Service (SAMU, in Portuguese). Material and Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the city of Cajazeiras/PB, using the 2347 records of attendance to the victims of trauma by external causes related to the traffic accidents and rescued by SAMU in the period from February 1, 2014 to December, 2016. A form was used as a research tool to analyze demographic variables (gender and age group) and refer to traumas (time, day of week, place, month, year, trauma mechanism, types of lesions, association with use alcohol and/or drugs and referral of the patient). The data were collected by four researchers and the information entered by double entry in a database created in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0 for Windows, and the analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square of Pearson or Fisher's Exact). The level of significance was set at 5% (p <0.05). Then, Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed for the variables with value p<0.20. Results: It was found that the majority of the victims were male (70.5%) and generally were between 20 and 29 years of age (27.1%). The prevalence of traffic accidents was very high (56.2%) and accidents involving motorcycles were the most commonly reported (86.0%). The percentage of multiple traumas was 48.0%. Excoriation (91.9%) and head trauma (88.0%) were the most commonly observed lesion patterns. Traumas frequently affected the facial region (60.1%) and upper limbs (79.0%). The consumption of ethyl alcohol was also shown to be associated with a higher incidence of traffic accidents (60.0%). It was found that male (RP = 1.14; IC 95% = 1.06-1.23; p = 0.001) was more associated with traffic accidents, age group (n = 2.72; IC 95% = 2.26-3.28; p<0.001), at weekends (RP = 1.08; IC 95% = 1.02-1.15; p = 0.013) and multiple traumatic lesions (RP = 1.80; IC 95% = 1.67- 1.94; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Among the main traumas occurred, a significant association was observed between traffic accidents involving motorcycles with the type of trauma mechanism and lesions of face and limbs, gender and age group as well as the presence of ethyl breath and days of the week with the turn of the event occurring.