Prospecção do extrato de Byrsonima gardneriana (A. JUSS): Perfil fitoquímico, atividade anticandida, antioxidante e toxicidez

Abstract

Evaluating the antiCandida of the ethanolic extract of the Byrsonima gardneriana (A. Juss) about species of the Candida genus, as well as analysing the phytochemical profile, toxicity and its antioxidante property. The vegetal material, leaves of B gardneriana is originally from semi arid region of the county of Serra Branca, state of Paraíba. The vegetal specimen finds itself stored in Coleção do Herbário Professor Lauro Pires Xavier and identified under the voucher number AGRA 947. The ethanolic extract has been obtained through the maceration of the leaves. The identification of bioactive chemical compounds of the B gardneriana extract was realized through gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry. Anti- Candida activity analysis was determined by means of the Minimal Inhibitory and Minimal Fungicidal Concentrations (MIC and MFC) on strains of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Candida glabrata (ATCC 90030), Candida krusei (ATCC 6258), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 750); and clinical strains of Candida albicans (IC1, IC2 and IC3); and testing of action of the extract on the growth kinetics of C. albicans. In addition, toxicity tests were performed on human erythrocytes through hemolytic and osmotic fragility, as well as analysis of the antioxidant activity in the presence of phenylhydrazine and reactive oxygen species. The data from the extracts on the growth kinetics of C. albicans were evaluated using the One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test, while toxicity tests and antioxidant potential were evaluated through the one-way ANOVA test followed by the Dunnett's post-test. Both were performed assuming α = 0.05. Through phytochemical analysis of the extract, 23 chemical compounds were identified, L-Pyroglutamic acid (90.77%); Eucalyptol (89.61%) and Octanoic acid (76.22%). As for the activity anti-Candida, the extract demonstrated MIC values of 125 µg / mL for most strains and 250µg / mL for C. krusei and one of the clinical isolates (IC1), demonstrating inhibitory activity on the growth of the analyzed species, presenting for all strains tested. Regarding the action of the extract on the kinetics C. albicans growth, when comparing the three concentrations analyzed (125, 250 and 500 µg / mL), it is observed that, after 8 hours, at a concentration of 500 µg / mL there was a decline in the growth curve of microorganisms. In the analysis of toxicity, the ethanolic extract showed low hemolytic activity for all types tested, but was not able to protect them from osmotic stress caused by hypotonic solution. In the presence of phenylhydrazine, the extract did not present oxidant effect for the blood types investigated. When in the presence of species the extract had antioxidant activity at concentrations of 31 and 62µg /mL. In view of the obtained results, it is concluded that, the ethanolic extract of B. gardneriana has antifungal activity against all strains tested, classified as fungistatic, with low hemolytic activity, without oxidative activity on human erythrocytes, presenting antioxidant activity against the action of reactive oxygen species. According to the promising results of the extract activity of B. gardneriana, it is suggested that there is a need for further investigation, opening prospects for the development of a formulation with purpose to stabilish an alternative antifungal therapy for dental use.