Perfil sociodemográfico e capacidade de autocuidado de idosos com plegias por Acidente Vascular Encefálico

Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is a disorder due to a disequilibrium of central nervous system function and being considered, currently as one of the leading cause of death worldwide. The sequels favor the loss of quality of life with severity and affect the selfcare of the individual. Self-care is defined by Orem as the actions that are executed them for their own benefit for the maintenance of health, of well-being and of life. Objetivo Geral: To analyze the sociodemographic profile and self-care capacity of aged people with stroke. Objetivos Específicos: To identify the sociodemographic profile of aged people with paresis due to stroke; To verify the self-care needs of these individuals; To verify the existence of association between sociodemographic variables with the necessity of selfcare. Métodos: A cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, was realized out between August 2016 and May 2017. A census sample was used, with a total of 106 aged people with paresis by stroke, registered at a Family Health Unit in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The data were collected through home interviews. Two forms were used, one for the evaluation of the sociodemographic variables and the other one, called Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale (ASA), designed to assess self-care capacity. The analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical program. To investigate the differences between the proportions observed, the Chi-square test (X2) or Fisher's test was used. In order to estimate the internal reliability of ASA, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. This research was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the State University of Paraíba (UEPB) and the participants signed the Free and Informed Consent Term (FICT). Resultados: There was a predominance of female subjects, with mean age of 73 years (+ 8.42 Xmin = 60, Xmax = 97), non-white color (65.1%), with religious beliefs (98.1%), with education up to fundamental school II (88.6%), married or in a stable union (52.9%), per capita income <1 minimum salary (96.1%) and presented the time of the last stroke <5 years ( 57.1%). The internal confidence of ASA was satisfactory, with total values of the Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.867. The IPAVE demonstrated a lower capacity to perform self-care activities, such as keeping the house in which it lives clean (56.6%), asking for information about medicaments (55.7%), taking action of protection (53.8%) and caring of youself as should (50.9%). The majority of the participants presented a regular self-care capacity (51.9%). It was verified an association between self-care capacity and schooling (p = 0.004), marital status (p = 0.016) and age (p = 0.036). Conclusão: It was verified that sociodemographic factors may interfere with IPAVE self-care capacity. Thus, it is believed that this study contributed to the reflection of the impact of sociodemographic factors on the self-care capacity of IPAVE, through a nursing theory, and can help in the adequacy of public politics and in the planning of appropriate nursing actions for the specific necessities of this population.