Função pulmonar e síndrome metabólica em adolescentes escolares do município de Campina Grande – Paraíba

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifactorial disease that involves the presence of changes, such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure (HBP), dyslipidemia and impaired fasting glucose 2. Highly prevalent in the population, there has been increasingly e arly, affecting children and adolescents. Recently it shows its relation to the decline in pulmonary function (PF) in adults, however, this relationship has not yet been investigated in Brazilian adolescents. Objective: To investigate the relationship between lung function and the presence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 525 adolescents (15-19 years) from public high schools in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba. Data collection lasted from September 2012 to June 2013, from the application form to obtain the social and demographic data and lifestyle (sedentary lifestyle, physical activity and smoking); anthropometry (weight, height and waist circumference); blood pressure measurement; blood collection (fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides); and spirometry. Data were double entered and submitted to validation in the subprogram Validate Epi Info 5.4.3. Analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22) and R (2016). Results: The sample of 525 adolescents with a mean age of 16.8 (± 1.0) years was mostly made up of girls (66.5%), non-white (79.6%) and belonging to economic classes C, D and E (68.6%). There was a high prevalence of physically inactive (59.4%) and sedentary (78.4%), and most had normal values for blood pressure (BP) (85.1%), waist circumference (WC) (96.8%), HDL cholesterol (52.8%) and triglycerides (82.9%). There was also that 22.5% had altered nutritional status, 4.2% had metabolic syndrome ( MS) and 21.7% showed impaired pulmonary function (PF). Being male worked as a protective factor for physical activity, on the other hand, it was a risk factor for change BP, HDL cholesterol and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). In simple regression found a statistically significant relationship between FEV1, WC and TG, however, after multiple regression and residual analysis only the WC remained in the model with significant (p <0.05). For the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) after the analysis of the Stepway type, there was relationship with SBP and DBP. As for the Tiffeneau Index, WC was associated in isolation and in all variables. Conclusions: There was no association between FP and SM globally, however, it was found association between its components, proving that metabolic abnormalities are associated with lung disorders. Waist circumference increases was shown as the main factor for the decline in FP adolescents.