Características de sono em adolescentes: Relação com fatores de risco componentes do Score Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth

Abstract

NTRODUCTION: adolescence is marked by important biological, psychological and social changes, and inadequate quantity or poor sleep has been associated with several problems, including increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: to investigate the relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality and the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness and cardiovascular risk according to score pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) and its components in adolescent students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed in public schools in Campina Grande / PB, Brazil, from September/2012 to June/2013 with 563 students from 15 to 19 years, in which we assessed demographic data: age , sex, skin color, economic class and maternal education; Behavioral: smoking, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle; Clinical: weight, height, body mass index and blood pressure; Biochemical: glucose, glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, HDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol; sleep variables: duration, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and the relationship with the PDAY score and its components. Out performed the chi-square test and t-student to analyze the variables according to sex, and the Pearson correlation test to assess the relationship between sleep disorder indicators and PDAY score and its components sleep disorder indicators and physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. To evaluate the predictors of cardiovascular risk univariate linear regression was used, and independence test multivariate linear regression was performed. This study was conducted in accordance with Resolution 196/96. RESULTS: regarding sleep variables, this study showed that 20% of adolescents had excessive daytime sleepiness and an average of seven hours of sleep a day. The short duration was associated with male gender (p = 0.003), cardiovascular risk (p = 0.032) and inactivity (p = 0.007). The quality of sleep was associated with behavioral variable inactivity (p <0.001) and body mass index (p = 0.022). These teenagers have high cardiovascular risk (10%), being associated with male gender (p <0.001) as well as the highest average systolic blood pressure (p <0.001) and higher glycemic index (p <0.001). In the multivariate linear regression model, the duration of sleep was not an independent factor CONCLUSIONS: the prevalence of sleep disorders and high cardiovascular risk was high in in determining cardiovascular risk among adolescents studied. this population. Despite the sleep disorder not be an independent factor for cardiometabolic risk, this is a factor contributing to the increased cardiovascular risk assessed by PDAY score. This study provides relevant information and unpublished for this population, and demonstrates the importance of sleep as an important predisposing variable in relation to cardiovascular risk factors, especially because it is a modifiable factor that may interfere with behavioral conditions such as sedentary lifestyles and the index rise body weight, conditions associated with demonstrably higher cardiovascular risk score when evaluated using the PDAY.