Violência doméstica sofrida por usuários de Unidades de Saúde da Família: Impactos, desafios e enfrentamentos

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Violence is a socio-historical phenomenon accompanying the evolution of humanity, affecting individual and collective health and is incorporated as a public health object revealing, nationally and internationally, a problem that involves losses to the welfare, community safety and human rights. Violence against women is defined by the United Nations as any act of gender-based violence that results or may result in damage or physical, sexual or psychological to the woman being responsible for many complaints with which they resort to services health, such as gynecological problems in general, sexually transmitted diseases, depression, insomnia, anxiety, sexual dysfunction and eating disorders. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of domestic violence in women of Primary Health. METHODS: This was a cross- sectional study conducted in the health units of Serra Talhada family, Pernambuco, Brazil, with women living in the city, aged between 15 and 49 years of age who have had at least one relationship stable with men. The data collection instrument was a document prepared by the World Health Organization and validated in Brazil on domestic violence against women. For the sample size was calculated, the prevalence of domestic violence against women estimated at 46%, according to other studies, accepting a sampling error of 5%, the sample size resulted in 373 individuals. Design effect up adding 1,2 and 10% for losses, the final study sample of 493 individuals. Descriptive statistics were used (absolute distributions , percentages, mean and standard deviation) and analytical (bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance) with the 5% level of significance. RESULTS: For this dissertation, were produced two original articles. One on violence against women and another on violence during pregnancy. Regarding the first article, the prevalence, 46,8% of women were victims of aggression by their partners, most suffering more than one type of violence (68,4%). There was a prevalence of psychological violence (37,3%), followed by physics (33,7%), and sexual (18,7%). The use of alcohol and illegal drugs and the involvement of the partner in fights in the community and in the family circle were associated with a higher prevalence of violence (p = 0,001 and Reasons prevalence of 5,08; 1,41; 1,34 and 1,41, respectively). The results of the second article showed that 33,5% of women have been physically assaulted during pregnancy. 98,3% of incidents were perpetrated by an intimate partner and the child's father. 19,8% of women reported that during the attacks, took punches or kicks to her stomach. There were important and significant association statistically between the use of alcohol and illegal drugs and the occurrence of aggression. The other variables were included in the final model with p <0.20 . In the multivariate analysis in the final model the variable occurrence of aggression before pregnancy (Prevalence ratio 4,44). CONCLUSIONS: The survey results show that violence against women is still cause for concern, especially in the area of public health. Reinforces the need for measures to actually effect to the public policies in meeting this demand.