Avaliação da atividade antidiarreica de Spondias porpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) em modelos animais

Abstract

Diarrhea is often associated with excessive defecation caused by increased motility and secretion. Spondias purpurea L. belongs to the genus Spondias, used by the population as gastroprotecti ve, antidiarrheal and antimicrobial. The objecti ve of this work was to evaluate the antidiarrheal acti vity of crude ethanol extract and dichloromethane phase of S. purpurea L., in animal models. Were obtained from the ethanol extract (Sp-EtOHE) and phase dichloromethane (Sp-DCPM) of the leaves of S. purpurea. In determi ning phytochemical noted that Sp-EtOHE was approximately 6.70% of total flavonoids, polyphenols and 3.17%. Toxicological evaluation by the method of Artemia salina Leach, the samples showed values of 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 2300.67 ± 196.66 mg / mL for Sp-EtOHE and 1106.17 ± 102.24 mg / mL for Sp-DCPM, indicating not present toxicity. In Test Toxicology Preclinical acute was administered 2000 mg / kg Sp-EtOHE was observed only irritability reversed in females after the 2nd hour, this being a given insufficient for inferri ng toxicity, also did not cause variations i n the height or i n the macroscopic structure bodies, water consumption, diet and biochemical and hematological parameters. Unable to determine the LD50, as there were no deaths at the end of the 14 days of observation. With respect to antimicrobial acti vity by microdilution, there was no activity Sp-EtOHE and Sp-DCPM concentrations tested against the tested microorganisms. In determini ng the gastrointestinal motility through the model of induced diarrhea i n rats castor oil, the inhibition was 33, 54 and 63% Sp-EtOHE and 63, 68 and 85% for Sp-DCPM, both at doses of 125 , 250 and 500 mg/kg (po). It was observed a decrease i n the number of liquid stools at 41, 67 and 25% for Sp-EtOHE and 48, 68 and 65 for Sp-DCPM. In relation to the total number of feces both Sp- EtOHE and Sp-DCPM as presented similar behavior. The CRP-ultrasensitive was quantified and reduced levels of acute inflammation. There was an increase in the concentrations of ionograms. The study confirmed that Sp-DCPM minimized the histological damage in the ileum. The model to assess changes in gastric emptying and i ntesti nal motility values Sp-EtOHE and Sp-DCPM not statistically significant . These results show that S. purpurea may be possible antidiarrheal as indicated by the traditional medicine that does not cause constipation not reach the intesti nal bacterial flora and anti-inflammatory acti vity.