Divergência genética em acessos de amendoim com base em descritores fenotípicos

Abstract

The peanut breeding programs are based on introducing or disponibilization of genetic variability by crossing, with further selection of lines showing robust descriptors as to agronomical, nutritional and physiological aspects. The multivariate analysis methodologies have been often used to estimating the inter-relationship between genotypes, based in several descriptors in order to indicate group of promising materials for further use in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity among peanut genotypes based on three clustering methodology, in order to selecting parents for oil and food markets. A germplasm collection containing 77 genotypes of peanut (var. fastigiata and vulgaris) was planted in field, using plots consisted of 5m-rows, in a spacing 0.7 m X 0.2 m. The following variables were evaluated: height of main stem, total dry weight of plant, weight of pods/plant, seed weight/plant, number of pods/ plant, number of seeds/pod, weight of 100 pods, weight of 100 seeds, percent of oil in seeds, pod length, harvest index, hairiness, color of the main stem, growth habit, color seed, color of leaves, inflorescence on the main stem, early flowering and Full maturation of pods. Three clustering methods were selected for divergence analysis: Tocher, UPGMA and principal components.. It was found that the three methodologies, when used together, were consistent in group establishing, revealing interesting combinations for further use in breeding programs, aiming generation of drought tolerant lines and indicated to food market.