Potencial de captação de água de chuva como alternativa para o desenvolvimento das localidades mais secas da microrregião do cariri da Paraíba

Abstract

The irregularities in the regime of distribution of rains in the semiarid paraibano and the frequent droughts, associated to the absence of appropriate public politics, hinder economic and social development, especially, of the micro-region of cariri which is the driest Paraiba state. Given this, it explains the need for technologies for increasing water availability for drinking purposes or not. Therefore, it has been in rainwater catchment’s the main alternative for increasing it, with the same rainfall regime, which permits us to offer more water to the rural zone of the Cabaceiras and Riacho de Santo Antônio. Like this being, there was the need to estimate potential rainwater catchment’s and associate them local development conditions, being those determinations the objectives principal of this work. For its realization, we used monthly rainfall series of the two driest locations of said micro region, provided by AESA, and socioeconomic indicators of human development, social inequality Gini of per capita household income, gross domestic product, among others extracted from the documents available of several public organs. Based on the criterion of statistical climatology it was established rainfall patterns and adopting six annual regime scenarios (medium, the driest year and the wettest and the levels of 25, 50 and 75% probability) were determined potential volumes rainwater and the necessary water, using different catchments areas and numbers of users. The statistical analyzes of the data were made using statistical distributions of frequency and of measures of central tendency and of dispersion. The main results showed that the rainfall pattern of the driest places in the Paraíba Eastern Cariri is extremely variable and the short rainy season lasts about three to four months. In addition to these features, the temporary regime is asymmetrical and the dispersion is higher in Riacho de Santo Antônio than Cabaceiras. Even so, there is a high potential for rainwater harvesting that makes possible to capture amounts of water that meet the demands of human consumption, animal consumption and small family production. The strategies for the development of semiarid must be governed in alternative that allows increase the availability of water. The rural community of these locations understands the cistern is an important social technology, but that it should be linked to public policy. The low social indicators and the absence of more effective public policies, especially those that do not prioritize the water tracking, undermine economic and social development of the micro region of cariri of Paraiba state.