Distúrbios alimentares e sua associação com erosão e cárie dentária em adolescentes

Abstract

The damages in the oral health of individuals with eating disorders have been investigated, bringing conflicting questions about the involvement of the teeth. Therefore, a controlled cross-sectional study was carried out in order to evaluate the occurrence of erosion and dental caries in 15-18-year-old adolescent women who are at risk of suffering from eating disorders and compare them to healthy adolescents. The probabilistic sample consisted of 850 adolescents from public and private schools in Campina Grande - PB. The presence of behavioral risk for developing eating disorders was assessed using the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE). Eating and oral hygiene habits were also investigated through a questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) to calculate the body mass index were measured. For evaluation of dental caries and dental erosion dental examinations were performed through the CPO-D index and the O'Sullivan index, respectively. The examiners for the diagnosis of dental caries and dental erosion remained blind to the condition of each adolescent regarding to the presence of risk behavior for disorders. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the SPSS 18.0 software. The association between the incidence of dental erosion and dental caries, and eating and oral hygiene habits was detected through a process of bivariate analysis using the Pearson's chisquared and Fisher's exact tests. A conditional logistic regression model (backward) was

used

to determine the association of the independent variables with risk behavior for bulimia nervosa. The prevalence of risk behaviors for eating disorders was 4.8%, with 1.5% (n = 13) of adolescents with severe risk behavior for eating disorders. Every teenager with risk was matched by school and age with four other without risk (controls). No association was found between high behavioral risk for eating disorders and dental caries (p = 0.329; OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 0.35 to 13.72) or with dental erosion (p = 0.590; OR = 2, 33, 95% CI: 0.56 to 9.70). No association was observed between eating habits and dental caries and dental erosion (p> 0.05). Logistic regression revealed that the case group was identified with significantly higher chances of having high BMI when compared to the control group (p = 0.031; OR = 5.1; 95% CI: 1.61 to 23.07). It was concluded that there was no association between risk behaviors for eating disorders and dental caries and dental erosion, but high BMI was a risk factor for developing eating disorders.