O caso da UNASUL em meio à ascensão de um novo modelo de integração regional Sul-americano: um estudo com base nos conceitos de Joseph Nye e Karl Deutsch acerca do que constitui uma integração bem sucedida

Abstract

Over the years the integration in Latin America has gone through several changes. Milesotnes such as the first attempt of integration, formulated by Símon Bolivar in 1826, the Pact of ABC 1915, the Latin American Free Trade Association in 1960, the Treaty of the Plata Basin 1968, the Andean Pact in 1969, the Latin American Integration Association in 1980 and the Southern Common Market (1991) contributed to the development of the Latin American integration process leading to the emergence of institutions with a bias different than it was possible to see. This is the case of the Bolivarian Alliance for Our America - Peoples' Trade Treaty (established in 2004 and incorporated into the treaty in 2006), the Community of Latin American and Caribbean (having discussions for its creation that began in 2010) and Union of South American Nations. Object of study of this dissertation UNASUR was created in 2008. Its creation brings the emergence of a new way of performing integration in South America that is contrary to what one can observe in some of the previous integrationist efforts. The Union of Nations, as well as the Bolivarian Alliance and CELAC, is endowed with a character predominantly political, representing great historical significance for the process of South American integration. Thus, the objective of this work is to study the Union of Nations and observe some of the progress and challenges faced by the institution. To carry out such a study the concepts (or conditions) of regional integration theorists Karl Deutsch and Joseph Nye Will be introduced. About the first theorist three conditions will be exhibited: compatibility of values and expectations, capacity-building and mutual predictability of behavior of the units. Regarding the second the theoretical concepts of symmetric economic units, pluralism and internal stability of the units will studied. In order to better define the analysis the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America and the South American Defense Council were chosen. Thus, the work will be divided into three chapters (each looking encompass specific objectives of the study). The first chapter will focus on the presentation of the Union of Nations, i.e, its construction process , its general characteristics (focusing on asymmetries in the region) and the structure of UNASUR, its organs and decision-making model. The second chapter will focus on the conditions proposed by Karl Deutsch. Because of its character on the macro aspects of integration, Deutsch conditions will be included in the study both of IIRSA, as the Council. The third chapter, in turn, will work with the conditions of Joseph Nye. However, contrary to the proposals by Deutsch, the concepts presented by Nye encompass specific aspects of integration. So, his study will not be inserted within the both institutions at the same time: the condition of symmetry economic units will be presented in the context of IIRSA; internal stability within the Council, and pluralism within the scope of the Initiative for Integration.