Desenvolvimento de um dentifrício a partir de extrato nebulizado de Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler

Abstract

The irrational use of antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms provides thus the search for new products with this action becomes increasingly necessary. Medicinal plants have become strong candidates to combat these microorganisms. Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler, belonging to Anacardiaceae family, is popularly known as Braúna, and has proved to be a strong candidate with antimicrobial action. This study aimed to develop a new toothpaste formulation based on nebulized extracts of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler, with the purpose of which is used to control biofilm. We conducted a microbiological screening with hydroalcoholic extracts of S. brasiliensis Engler. In different concentration gradients water: alcohol, against the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Steptococcus mutans, Steptococcus parasanguis and Steptococcus oralis. It was selected the extract with best activity, which was submitted to nebulization process in Spray Dryer, and the most suceptible microorganism to this extract. We determined the microbiological potency of the nebulized extract and the acute toxicity. A preformulation study was conducted with pharmaceutical excipients and the nebulized extract by thermal analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Eighteen toothpastes were formulated, nine containing only excipient and water and the other nine with these components and nebulized extract. All formulations and the nebulized extract were subjected to physicochemical analyzes, in which were evaluated pH, conductivity and organoleptic characteristics. The extract of S. brasiliensis Engler., in the concentration of 30:70 showed better antimicrobial activity and more susceptible microorganism was S. mutans. The microbiological potency study determined that the smallest dose with significant effect is of 337.23 mg/ml of nebulized extract against S. mutans. The extract showed moderate toxicity on A. salina and no toxic effects in mice. In the pre-formulation study the excipients that presented best results were: sodium bicarbonate, hydroxyethylcellulose, polysorbate 80, propyleneglycol, mannitol and propylparaben. The analyzes of the physicochemical parameters of nebulized extract showed that it is a fine powder of low density, weakly acidic and presents dissection loss within the recommended parameters by the pharmacopeia. Regarding formulations, most remained stable after 24h of manipulation and after centrifugation tests, the formulation 5 with and without the extract, showed better organoleptic properties and pH value. Regarding the viscosity and spreadability was observed that the extract influences the behavior of the formulation. S. brasiliensis Engler. shows antimicrobial activity against the strains tested, and the preformulation study shows that some excipients interact negatively with the nebulized extract and the extract presence can change formulation behavior, but it does not affect the pH or organoleptic characteristics.