Bullying: prevalência, tipos e ocorrência de lesões maxilofaciais em escolares de 13 a 17 anos de Campina Grande-PB

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and types of bullying, in addition, the incidence of maxillofacial injuries in victims of bullying by physical aggression in schoolchildren from 13 to 17 years of municipal schools in Campina Grande-PB, as well as analyze associated factors. Methodology: It was used simple random sampling for the selection of 525 schoolchildren from 14 public schools in the 3 rd and 4 th cycles. Data collection was performed by a single researcher using the TMR (Training and Mobility on Research) model questionnaire on bullying and a specific questionnaire for injuries of the maxillofacial complex. Were considered as victims of bullying students who admitted to suffer this kind of violence three or more times in the year of data collection. The data were stored in SPSS and analyzed using descriptive and analytics statistics through the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (p<0.05). Results : The average age of students was 14.22 years (± 1.14), 54.1% female. Among those surveyed, 23.6% were characterized as victims of bullying, most of them with 14 years of age (27.3%), male (31.5%), the 7 th year (25.3%), with 4 or 5 good friends in class (27.1%), with no difference in involvement between the analyzed school shifts (morning and afternoon). There was an association between gender and the occurrence of school bullying (p<0.001). The most prevalent type of bullying was verbal (87.7%), followed by relational (37.7%) and physical (19.7%). The victims reported suffering physical abuse in 18.0% of cases and the jerks appeared as the main form of aggression (72.7%). Regarding the affected location of the body, face injuries accounted for 36.4%, among these, 50.0% reached the oral cavity with 100% involvement of soft tissue, and lips regions were the most affected (50.0%). Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of bullying, with boys constituting the main victims, the predominant type is the verbal bullying. The jerks were the main form of aggression, being the face the most affected region of maxillofacial complex.