Qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência física

Abstract

Introduction: People with physical disabilities face various limitations that can affect them in different domains. They also have limited access to income, education, and healthcare on an equal basis, impacting their quality of life, an important health indicator. Objective: To assess the quality of life of people with physical disabilities receiving Primary Health Care and its association with sociodemographic and economic factors. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, and quantitative study. The sample comprised 67 people with physical disabilities, over 18 years of age, registered at seven Basic Health Units in a municipality in Northeastern Brazil. The study was conducted through home visits from September to December 2024. Data collection used a form adapted from the Basic Questionnaire of the 2022 IBGE Demographic Census and the 2019 National Health Survey, which included sociodemographic data and data characterizing the individual's physical disability. To assess Quality of Life, the Brazilian version of the Short Form (SF) 36 of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) instrument was used. Data were analyzed using Jamovi version 2.3 and R statistical software version 4.3.1. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis, and normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner multiple comparison test were used to compare medians regarding sociodemographic and economic profile with Quality of Life. The research followed Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Health Council, with CAAE: 81330124.9.0000.5187 and opinion number: 7,028,680. Results: A higher median was observed in the group aged 24 to 45 years compared to that of ≥60 years (p=0.012), as well as single and widowed individuals (p=0.046) in the functional capacity domain. The group with elementary school II compared to elementary school I in the emotional aspects (p=0.034), in addition to the group with per capita income >1 minimum wage with ≤1 minimum wage in the domains: functional capacity (p=0.047), social aspects (p=0.021) and mental health (p=0.038). Conclusions: Higher scores were observed in the emotional aspects, mental health, social aspects, general health status, pain and vitality. While functional capacity and physical aspects were close to the lower limit. There was a difference in quality of life compared to marital status, age group, color/race, education and per capita income.