A prática psicológica em centro de atenção psicossocial I: a realidade de municípios paraibanos

Abstract

In the context of mental health, the psychosocial care model focuses on the (re)construction of a support network of socio-affective bonds, guided by community-based and territorial treatment, aiming to break down the barriers of stigma and exclusion faced by individuals suffering from mental disorders. Psychological practice in the context of psychosocial care encompasses a multiplicity of activities that go beyond individual psychotherapy or therapeutic groups. It also includes welcoming, family care, home visits, community and territorial actions, support activities, psychosocial rehabilitation, income generation, team meetings, and case discussions, among other interventions. Considering the context of psychological practice, this dissertation aimed to understand the work practices developed by psychology professionals in psychosocial care for people with mental disorders at the Psychosocial Care Center I in the immediate region of Campina Grande, Paraíba. To achieve this objective, the qualitative, exploratory-descriptive method was found to be the most appropriate. The study setting consists of five units of Psychosocial Care Center I, located in four municipalities in the interior of Paraíba. Data collection was conducted through interviews, guided by a semi-structured script. The research included 35 participants, of whom 26 were users and 9 were psychologists who are part of the service's technical staff. The participants' accounts were fully transcribed and submitted to Bardin's Content Analysis, in its thematic modality, using the Atlas TI software. The thematic analysis points to an unfolding of psychological practices that consider the integrality of the individual, the interdisciplinarity of care centered on interpersonal relationships, and the subjectivity of the person with disorders. The management of the work process should enable active participation, autonomy, and citizenship. The actions developed by psychology professionals include individual psychotherapeutic care, therapeutic workshops, matrix support actions with the primary care network, participation in municipal network events and meetings, discussion circles, home visits, territorial actions, among others. However, the therapeutic group is highlighted as the most relevant psychosocial activity in all the researched settings. Additionally, the potential of affect in treatment and mental health care, in establishing the therapeutic bond, and even in adherence to treatment, is evident. There is still a need to intensify psychological work in the local-territorial context, with the expansion of extramural activities, to better understand and intervene in territorial dynamics in promoting community well-being, as well as incorporating the role of affectivity in therapeutic practices as a technical care mechanism. Therefore, by adopting a restructuring approach to mental health treatment and psychosocial care, it is expected that health professionals, especially psychologists in this study, will redirect their practical approach to an expanded and interdisciplinary clinic, which is not limited to the traditional clinic of individual psychotherapy.