Mulheres em situação de violência: fenômeno, temporalidade, historicidade e operacionalidade da rede de proteção.

Abstract

Violence against women is a socio-historical and multifactorial phenomenon, interconnected with male power, privileges and control, rooted in gender inequality, affecting thousands of women worldwide, regardless of their social class, gender, color or ethnicity. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the phenomenon of violence against women, considering the temporality, historicity and operationality of the victim protection network. This is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach, carried out at a Women's Reference Center, in the city of Campina Grande-Paraíba, anchored in the theoretical-methodological framework of the National Policy to Combat Violence Against Women. The study was conducted by professionals and women assisted by the aforementioned Center. Data collection took place between July and December 2023, through three instruments: field diary, individual form and semi-structured interview script. For data analysis, the IRaMuTeQ software, version 0.7 alpha 2, was used, as well as the Content Analysis technique proposed by Bardin. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Paraíba, Opinion No. 6,052,361. Result: The results are presented in the format of Scientific Articles. As a result of this research, it was found that violence against women was predominant between the ages of 50 and 59, with a predominance of psychological violence and time of living with the aggressor of more than 15 years. Five categories emerged from the interviews: Nature of the violence suffered; Process of suffering; The violent environment and its repercussions on mental health; Strategies for coping with the violence suffered; and Lack of support, (de)valuation and (re)victimization of the female victim of violence. Regarding the professionals, the predominant training was with more than 10 years in the area of activity and time of service at the Reference Center, only one had experience with female victims of violence before the aforementioned Center. For this purpose, four categories were defined based on: Education as a pillar for the prevention of violence against women; Challenges and potential in the assistance to female victims of violence; Institutional organization to combat violence against women and elements of the protection network to enforce the rights of women victims of violence. Final considerations: There is an urgent need to expand the professional capacity of the Women's Reference Center, since it is the only institution in the protection network that offers qualified care and support, in addition to helping to empower and break the cycle of violence. It is also necessary to invest in the training and awareness of professionals who are part of the Network to Combat Violence against Women, in order to improve the quality of care for victims of violence. It is essential that the Women's Reference Center provide care to the children of victims with a child psychologist, as well as public policies aimed at training and inserting women into the job market. Only then can these women break away from their aggressors and free themselves from the cycle of violence.