Potencial biotecnológico por Fusarium sp na produção de biomoléculas

Abstract

The use of microorganisms, in particular filamentous fungi, has been used in the production of biomolecules, including biosurfactants, which are surfactants of microbial origin with numerous industrial and environmental applications. Another promising biomolecule is the antifungal, particularly from the genus Fusarium sp, in the biocontrol of diseases in fruit and vegetable crops, such as brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata, which causes great economic damage to the country's agriculture. Liquid and/or solid agro-industrial residues have aroused great interest when used as an alternative substrate for the supply of low-cost raw materials. In this sense, the present work aimed to evaluate the biotechnological potential of the fungus Fusarium sp in the production of biosurfactant/bioemulsifier and antifungal in inhibiting the germination of the phytopathogen A. alternata using low-cost substrates with waste: avocado peel and powdered oil. -frying, according to the 22 factorial design, obtaining surface tension (mN/m³) and the emulsification index (IE24%) as response variables. 100mL of medium was produced in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, incubated at 28oC, 150 rpm of agitation, pH of 5.5 and inoculated with spore 107 medium for 120 hours. The efficiency of the biosurfactant/bioemulsifier produced was analyzed by cell-free metabolic liquid and the lowest tension presented was 62.51 mN/m³ (condition 4: 3% peel and 6% post-frying oil, IE24% with 100% (condition 1: 1% shell and 2% post-frying oil) using the hydrophobic substrate burnt engine oil. Although the biosurfactant produced under these conditions did not show good results for surface tension, it proved to be an excellent bioemulsifier and showed potential for biocontrol in inhibiting the germination of the phytopathene A. alternata with a 2.3cm halo. The results obtained become economically attractive for different industries using alternative, low-cost substrates for the production of metabolic liquid in the use of bioemulsifier and antifungal for the biocontrol of A. Alternata.