A invisibilidade do fenômeno do suicídio como uma das expressões da questão social: uma análise crítica do papel do Hospital de Urgência na rede de atenção psicossocial de Campina Grande / PB.

Abstract

The present study analyzes the phenomenon of suicide, as one of the expressions of the social issue in the neoliberal imperialist capitalist phase, which expands the possibilities of mental illness that already exist in other phases of humanity, its invisibility in urgent and emergency hospital health services, in regarding underreporting, the naturalization of the phenomenon, with little mobilization for the possibilities of confronting this problem. From reflection on the hegemonic dialectical critical perspective in the formation of Social Work, an interest in researching the phenomenon of suicide as one of the expressions of the social issue in contemporary times arose. In view of empirical observation, in my private professional practice, it was possible to notice the daily increase in the demand for cases of attempted suicide treated by the Dom Luiz Gonzaga Fernandes Emergency and Trauma Hospital – HETDLGF, which became even more evident during the pandemic period. Covid-19, and has emerged as one of the challenges for Social Service professionals working in this health service. However, despite the initial finding, the data presented by the institution to the Ministry of Health - MS, via the Notifiable Diseases Information System - SINAN, did not correspond to the empirical reality observed. The relevance of the topic addressed is due to the almost non-existence of research related to the phenomenon of suicide from a Marxist perspective, particularly within the scope of Social Work. For the purposes of this study, we start from the question: Considering the critical and dialectical thinking of Marx (2013), when he states that capital does not have the slightest consideration for the health and duration of the worker's life, unless it is forced by society to have this consideration, what are the attempts to give visibility to the phenomenon of suicide, as an illness of the mental health of the working class? Based on this inquiry, the general objective was to analyze the phenomenon of suicide as one of the expressions of the social issue in the neoliberal imperialist capitalist phase, its invisibility in urgent and emergency hospital health services and the possibilities of confronting this problem. To achieve this, it was necessary to: analyze the capitalist formation and the social relations developed within it and their impact on the physical and mental illness of the working class; understand the construction of mental health policy in Brazil and how the phenomenon of suicide is faced within this policy based on the ongoing neoliberal policy offensive; and analyze the care data from the Trauma Hospital of Campina Grande – HTCG, the challenges and possibilities of facing the topic addressed. The theoretical-methodological foundation of this research finds its bases in the dialectical reason of critical social theory, as this allows the analysis of the entire object of study in its investigation and exposure process. To undertake the study, the process was structured in the bibliographical review of the study categories and in the documentary analysis of the epidemiological data of self-inflicted violence cases registered in the Notifiable Diseases Information System and in the JC Software of the Trauma Hospital of Campina Grande, which allowed a wide range of information to understand, initially, the context of the phenomenon of suicide as a social issue in the capitalist mode of production, highlighting that, from this system, the physical and mental health of the working class is compromised both by precariousness in world of work and living conditions, mainly from the societal changes arising from the structural crisis of capital.