Transferência de renda como estratégia de enfrentamento à pobreza: uma questão em debate

Abstract

This study discusses government income transfer programs, taking into account their constitutive and determining elements, from the universality of the capitalist mode of production to the particularity of social and economic relations in Brazil. We also seek to problematize the confrontation of the social issue - a consequence of capitalist sociability - by analyzing the effects of the capital crisis and the recent health crisis and the responses given by the State to contain the social, economic, political and humanitarian problems arising from these universal determinations, allied to the pandemic situation and the specificities of neoliberal governments in Brazil. The theoretical-methodological approach based on the dialectical critical method and the study centered on Bibliographic and Documental Research allowed us to infer that the Social Question is ineradicable in the framework of capital society, finding in the class struggle and its inflections on the State the main parameter that defines the modalities of coping with their expressions, experienced by the precarious living and working conditions of the working classes. In the specific context analyzed, we observed that, under ultraneoliberalism, the Covid-19 Pandemic potentiated the country's structural inequalities, demanding its urgent confrontation, in order to guarantee the minimum conditions of survival for the working class and the population in general. In this context, income transfer policies gained importance and centrality, justifying the relevance of studies that try to understand them. The main results of the research indicate that, during the Covid-19 pandemic and in the post-pandemic period, in the midst of the presidential elections, income transfer policies became the target of clientelistic control, causing a dismantling of the Unified Assistance System Social and implications for the lives of managers, workers and users of minimum income distribution programs. Furthermore, the disastrous implementation of the Emergency Aid resulted in deprivation of rights and aggravation of the manifestations of the social issue in the country. Likewise, the creation of Auxílio Brasil and the extinction of Bolsa Família caused uncertainties, expropriation of rights and instabilities in PAS. This scenario raised the discussion of the need to implant and implement programs that prioritize the offer of Universal and Unconditional Basic Income, replacing the current Minimum Income Security Policies.