Métodos utilizados no dimensionamento corporal para fabricação de órteses e próteses não implantáveis: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Assistive Technologies include any item, equipment or product used to increase, maintain or improve the functional capabilities of people with disabilities. In the manufacturing process of these devices, one of the most important phases is the analysis of body dimensioning and, for this, there are several indicated shapes and materials, however, these devices must adapt perfectly to the body, not only to fulfill their rehabilitative function, but to avoid disuse, as many of these devices can produce blisters, ulcers or discomfort. OBJECTIVE: To map existing concepts and evidence in the literature on existing body sizing methods for manufacturing OPMs not related to surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of the scope of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, case-control studies and cohort studies, which addressed at least one body dimensioning method for manufacturing OPMs not related to the surgical act. The search was carried out in LILACS, Medline via Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and gray literature electronic databases. Two authors independently carried out the search in all databases according to the specific strategies for each one and, in case of inclusion or exclusion divergences, there was a consensus between the authors. For data selection and extraction, electronic forms stored in the clouds (google forms) were used, answered by the authors simultaneously and blindly. RESULTS: A total of 1,267 references were found, of which 43 met the inclusion criteria. These studies described, in different study designs, the body sizing methods used in the manufacturing process of OPMs. These methods were divided into: plaster cast, computed tomography, biplanar radiographs and 3D scanning. The latter being the most used and widespread method in the literature, corresponding to 81.1%. Followed by the plaster cast, representing 23.3% and computed tomography, 13.9% and, finally, biplanar radiographs, which occupies 4.6%. The most manufactured devices were lower limb orthoses 34.8% and trunk orthoses 20.9%. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The results of this scope review demonstrate that there are several existing body sizing methods for the manufacture of OPMs not related to the surgical act. Some require manual skills from the orthoprosthetist to obtain a quality product, such as a plaster cast, and others require technological resources, such as 3D scanning, computed tomography and biplanar radiographs. Demonstrating an evolution in the manufacturing process of these devices, which could reduce errors in the development of OPMs and the abandonment of these technologies.