Avaliação do desempenho do dessalinizador solar híbrido com módulos termoelétricos acoplado ao gerador eólico

Abstract

Currently, there is a massive water shortage of fresh water, so the need for potable water becomes indispensable. Groundwater in most of the Brazilian semiarid region has brackish characteristics, making it difficult to use it for human consumption. This research project addresses the issue of heat treatment technology for brackish water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the thermal performance of three asymmetric pyramid solar desalinators, improving the proposed system with wind energy and thermoelectric modules, in order to increase the production of drinking water. solar. The experimental research was carried out under climatic conditions in the city of Campina Grande-PB, at the State University of Paraíba (latitude 7° 13' 50”, longitude 35° 52' 52”), and brackish water was used from an artesian well. located in the rural area of the municipality of Barra de Santana-PB. Three asymmetric pyramid desalinators were designed and built, the experiments were carried out simultaneously, being (DP Model) as a reference model a passive desalinator, an active desalinator with spiral solar collector (Model DA) and a hybrid desalinator with thermoelectric modules coupled to the wind generator ( Model DH). The results found that the maximum water temperature of the hybrid desalinator reached 78oC, the active desalinator was 67.9oC, while the passive desalinator was 65oC, when the average solar radiation was 972 W.m-2. However, the productivity of desalinated water was 2153.84 mL.m-². d-1, 3076.92 mL.m-². d-1 and 7615,38 mL.m-². d-1 for the DP, DA and DH models, respectively. For DH, the productivity at night was 4794.87 mL.m-². d-1. These data correlate with an increase of 39.35% for the active desalinator and 576% for the hybrid desalinator compared to the passive desalinator inherent in water productivity. It was found that the rate of production of desalinated water was proportional to the increase in ambient temperature and intensity of solar radiation. Regarding the evaluation of the quality of brackish and distilled water, there was a significant reduction in the physical-chemical parameters evaluated, mainly sodium and electrical conductivity of the distilled water, with a decrease of 100% and 99.6%, respectively. Comparing the results of the thermal performance of the active and hybrid desalinators with previous studies, demonstrating the technical feasibility of the present research, it is concluded that the hybrid asymmetric pyramid desalinator model coupled to the wind generator can contribute to problems related to water scarcity in the semiarid region, bringing sustainable alternative.