Lesões bucomaxilofaciais em crianças e adolescentes vítimas de agressão física: Análise de um serviço de referência

Abstract

Objective: This research aimed to identify the occurrence of oral and maxillofacial injuries in children and adolescents victims of physical violence treated at a referral hospital in the Northeast of Brazil. Methodology: This is a documentary, retrospective study, with a descriptive and analytical approach, in which 1088 medical records for the years 2016 and 2017 were analyzed, noting that of these, 112 (10.3%) involved children and adolescents victims of physical aggression. Descriptive and inferential analysis techniques were used for data analysis, covering absolute, percentage and mean distributions. Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for bivariate analyses, adopting a significance level of 5%. The statistical program used was IBM SPSS® version 25.0. Results: Among victims aged between 0 and 19 years, males showed a higher prevalence (90.9%), with the age group between 15 and 19 years being the most affected (80.4%) revealing a statistically significant association between sex and age (p=0.04). Regarding the instrument to perpetrate violence, firearms were the most used (68.1%). As for the location of the lesions, the regions of the skull and face presented, respectively, 10.7% and 22.3% of the records, with bone fractures in 44.6% of the cases and the lesions in a single region as the most frequent (59, 8%). Among the facial bones involved, the nasal/paranasal bones (66.7%) and the mandible (18.5%) were the most affected. Soft tissue injuries were present in 64% of victims. A higher prevalence of facial lesions was observed between males (83.3%) and adolescents (96%), however, without statistical difference (p=0.144). Of the consultations performed by the oral and maxillofacial surgeon, 80% of the victims were affected by facial injuries. Considering facial injury as a dependent variable, the bivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the type of aggression (p<0.001) and the presence of bone fracture (p<0.001), with no significant difference between the variables hospitalization in the intensive care unit , hospitalization days and outcome. Conclusion: Male adolescents between 15 and 19 years old are the main victims of physical aggression. Lesions on the face had a high prevalence, with the nasal/paranasal bones and mandible being the most affected. The occurrence of bone fracture was high in the analyzed sample. The use of firearms was significant among male adolescents and the oral and maxillofacial surgeon was the professional responsible for most care for cases of facial injuries, with hospital discharge being the most observed outcome.