Política externa brasileira e energias renováveis: análise da agenda de cooperação internacional no setor energético de 1990 a 2018

Abstract

This work presents an analysis of the Brazil´s international cooperation agenda, through foreign policy, for the diffusion of renewable energies, in a period that covers the years 1990 to 2018. In this way, it will be identified, what governments have used over the last three decades to promote the renewable energy sector, through its international cooperation, its history, and the characterization of multilateral factors and bilateral agreements, which motivated the adoption of policies to encourage the generation of energy by renewable sources in domestic scope. The methodological path consists of a bibliographical review and later analysis of the content of the bilateral cooperation agreements signed by Brazil, as well as international documents and guidelines to encourage the use of renewable energies. The descriptive qualitative analysis is necessary in this type of research based on the guidelines established in the multilateral meetings, which generate responsibilities for the signatory countries in the use and adoption of substitution policies for non-renewable energy matrices, as well as international cooperation agreements tangents to the theme, signed by Brazil from the years 1990 to 2018, identifying partners, actions, interests and the objectives sought through international cooperation for development. It is evident that the diffusion of renewable energies as an important tool to guarantee the energy security of Brazil is also conformed, according to aspects that consider the opportunity to confront economic and environmental issues, in order to respond to the inherent demands of the development project national and the external projection of Brazil as an important "global player" in the international scenario, from the energy transition to renewable sources, in relation to energy and environmental issues. Thus, in parallel with the domestic element of guarantee of supply, the diffusion of renewable energies aims to respond to the wishes of the international community, especially since the 1990s, through multilateral efforts related to climate change, with the formation of the International Regime on Climate Change and its developments, which are part of the regime's governance and adjustment phase, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol and the Conferences between the Parties.