Cultivo de Crassostrea (SACCO, 1897), (BIVALVIA: OSTREIDAE) no estuário do Rio Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brasil: Implicações para cogestão

Abstract

Activities such as fishing and scavenging are adapted by traditions in mangrove areas, since the dawn of humanity. Through these activities, populations extract various fishing resources for trade or their own. Furthermore, this dependence and interaction produced, accumulated and organized a formidable knowledge, called local ecological knowledge (CEL), about local ecological aspects, which form an important source of knowledge. As oysters of the genus Crassostrea sp are among the most exploited resources worldwide, without any management measures, or that have a significant weight in the natural stocks of this resource. Given the perspective of providing benefits that can contribute to the management system. To obtain the local ecological knowledge of the collectors, periodic visits were made to the community of Jaraguá (Rio Tinto - PB), within the limits of the Environmental Area (APA) of Barra do Rio Mamanguape. Interviews using semi-structured tools were carried out with the various oysters in the community, addressing ecological and socio-environmental characteristics. An experiment was carried out in the collectors' own cultivation structures in the dry season and experimented with the influence of temperature, salinity and the experience of the bivalve Myrtilus sp. on the growth of oysters in farming systems. The T test was used to analyze the temperature and salinity in both periods. To evaluate oyster growth in both seasons and the influence of Mytilus sp. the ANOVA-2 test was applied. Twenty-one age collectors were men, fourteen (67%) and seven women (33%), with an average of 40 to 71 years. The only and main source of income from harvesting (52, %), of the collectors, who take advantage of harvesting and cultivation activities in the area of 27.38 years. As oysters from farming systems, they are just Riguezophora locally from the mangle roots in the manglezal and in the estuary and at the bottom of the river channels through dips. Temperature was pointed out by (29%) of the collectors as the only and main factor for the growth of oysters in the culture environments. The trade process is carried out by middlemen and middlemen (57%), with the size of the oysters (38.%) being the state of cleanliness (24%) important and influential factors in the choice of middlemen. As higher growth rates of oysters were observed in the winter period, period in which the salinity of the area is lower, in turn the presence of Mytilus sp in the cultivation systems was not shown, being as environmental variables the main factors significant influence on the growth of oysters..