Mulher, paz e segurança: uma análise dos processos de paz a partir (da perspectiva) das mulheres

Abstract

"Where are the women?". This is one of the main questions raised by feminist researchers. In the analysis of the international context, it is possible to perceive the presence and performance of women at different levels and in different positions, and their performance in the contexts of war, armed conflicts, and peace movements is considered historical. However, what we notice is a recurrent marginalization and invisibility of women, so that gender stereotypes are perpetuated. However, from a curiosity in gender, feminist theorists began to question the false neutrality of the area, identifying the ivory tower that International Relations, and its sub-areas, are legitimized. Thus, from gender research, it is possible to locate women in different areas and contexts, whether in international security or in peace movements. Highlighting the multiplicity of experiences, women should not be analyzed as being unique, just as there is no single feminism. Therefore, the heterogeneity of women and their experiences is noted through the analysis of peace and security processes. Thus, women are identified as agents of war and violence, of peace and peacebuilding, as well as victims of different types of violence. Based on this, the present work aims to locate women, identifying them as relevant actors throughout the security and peace scenario, and specifically, peace processes, so that it is possible to rethink their position, as well as to break the stereotypes that surround their image and representation. To this end, the paper seeks to answer the following research question: "how do women participate and are involved in international security and peace scenarios?" Anchored in qualitative research and the inductive method, the paper follows the line of a case study, in which it analyzes the Women, Peace and Security Agenda (WPS) of the Security Council, so that it is possible to locate women in different stages of action, i.e., both in situations of war and conflict, as well as in everyday life and in actions for peace. From what has been analyzed, we conclude that women are playing important roles in questioning the mainstreaming vision of security, violence and peace. They are also present in peacebuilding processes, whether they are local and grassroots initiatives (peacebuilding from below) or formal processes of negotiation, mediation and peace agreements (peacemaking).