Avaliação das salas de vacinas na perspectiva de enfermeiros da atenção primária à saúde

Abstract

Introduction: The National Immunization Program is internationally recognized for its strong impact on reducing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. It is one of the most successful Brazilian public health strategies. Since its implementation, the program has significantly increased its magnitude, with the expansion of vaccines, recommendations and groups, becoming increasingly comprehensive and complex. In this last year with the COVID 19 pandemic, vaccine was identified as revolutionary in global health, indispensable to overcome the current scenario. Some studies point to the inadequacy of vaccine rooms to the norms and guidelines of the Ministry of Health, mainly related to the structure and process. Failures in the training of professionals are also indicated as fragility, with disagreement between the program's norms and the reality found in the services, indicating the need to evaluate the program. Objective: To evaluate the adequacy of vaccine rooms to the standard required by the Ministry of Health, based on the understanding of Primary Health Care Nurses. Methodological path: Evaluative research, with a qualitative approach of a descriptive nature, carried out from June 2019 to March 2020 in the city of Campina Grande-PB. For data collection, interviews were carried out with 15 nurses from Primary Health Care, whose script was formulated from the Instrument for Supervision of Vaccination Rooms of the National Immunization Program. The data were submitted to Content Analysis, in the thematic categorical modality. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research with Human Beings of the Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, which complied with the recommendations of the National Health Council, set out in Resolution 466/2012/MS. Results: Numerous points are in disagreement with the program's guidelines, the main flaws observed in the structure dimension concern the absence and/or inadequate conditions of the equipment that contains the immunobiologicals, the adaptation of domestic houses for the functioning of health units, the presence of mold and infiltration in the walls and ceiling and inadequate sanitation of refrigeration equipment and the vaccine room. In the process dimension, the professionals' lack of knowledge on issues related to the vaccination process stands out, such as technical procedures, epidemiological knowledge about vaccine-preventable diseases, temperature control, management of waste produced in the vaccine room, organization and cleaning of the refrigerator and vaccine room, it was still possible to observe the predominance of the absence of the nurse in the vaccine room and lack of training in immunization and vaccine room. Conclusion: The vaccination rooms in the studied municipality are in disagreement with the norms and guidelines of the National Immunization Program, there is a need for investment to improve the physical structure of the rooms and replacement of inadequate equipment, it is also necessary to promote the training and permanent education of professionals for work in the vaccine room.