Paramêtros para identificação e caracterização de assentamentos precários em cidades de médio porte: uma análise de Campina Grande e Patos-PB

Abstract

Housing precariousness is not only a problem in large cities and metropolises, it also occurs in medium-sized cities. The information that allows the identification, quantification and characterization of precarious settlements is still poorly systematized and often does not apply to medium-sized cities with physical and socioeconomic characteristics that are different from large urban centers. The objective of this research was the elaboration of identification parameters and characterization of precarious settlements in medium-sized cities, using as study objects the cities of Campina Grande and Patos – PB. The research was divided into three stages: In the first, we sought to identify, in the official literature on Brazilian urbanization and medium-sized cities, how precarious settlements in Brazil are defined more generally and which forms of measurement and characterization of precarious settlements. The second set of procedures systematized parameters, indicators and variables to characterize precarious settlements. In the absence of general information, the variables allow the researcher, through a set of procedures, to be able to characterize and arrive at the analysis of the area, often without having to go into the field. For the construction of the variables, four dimensions of analysis were used: i) Environmental, ii) Socioeconomic, iii) Institutional and iv) Physical-territorial. The third set of procedures systematized the official information available for the two studied universes: Campina Grande-PB and Patos-PB, identifying the precarious settlements of these cities from official information, and characterizing four chosen precarious settlements, applying the variables constructed in this work. As a result, it was possible to observe the data gap comparing Campina Grande and Patos, where Patos presents a greater information gap and absence of municipal and national data such as IBGE data. The methodological parameters proposed in this work allowed the construction of diagnoses and analyzes through satellite observations and data collection, which step-by-step could be used by other municipalities to obtain analyzes in a scenario of presence or absence of data.