Avaliação do potencial energético de biomassa gerada no Estado da Paraíba

Abstract

The negative environmental Impacts arising from the increase in the demand for electric power increase the need for research development using sustainable energy supply technology. Brazil has been conducting research, and encouraging the production of renewable energy through financing programs such as PROINFA (Incentive Program for Alternative Sources). Biomass is one of the largest sources of renewable energy in Brazil, presenting a great energy potential to produce heat and electricity. The state of Paraíba currently has a large population and agglomerations in residential and horizontal condominiums, in metropolitan areas, together with agricultural and agroindustrial production, has biomass energy potential of organic solid waste. The present research proposes to quantify the residues with significant quantitative of biomass, with the contribution of bibliographical references, it is intended to estimate the theoretical production and biogas, through the anaerobic digestion technology, under ideal conditions, as well as the transformation of chemical energy in electricity, and using mathematical models, to estimate the energy potential coming from these sources of biomass. It should be noted that the energy capacity of the biogas is directly proportional to the amount of methane gas present in it, which will define its calorific value. The estimated biogas production through organic wastes studied is about 332 million Nm^3 / year, and the available energy potential is approximately 475,065.58 MWh / year. Therefore, it could supply the energy demand of 886,316.38 inhabitants or 221,579.09 residences, in the state of Paraíba. The use of biomass brings environmental benefits such as organic waste treatment and reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG). In this sense, the proposed work intends to contribute to studies pertinent to the potential of renewable energy production, through some sources of biomass produced in the state of Paraíba. Based on the above, the use of biomass could contribute to diversify the energy matrix of the state of Paraíba, capable of supplying about 10% of annual electricity consumption, and reduce dependence on other energy sources.