Sinopse taxonômica de Malpighiaceae Juss. para o estado da Paraíba, Brasil

Abstract

Malpighiaceae is morphologically characterized by the presence of five white, yellow or rosy petals and a pentamerous calyx, with two oil glands at the base of each sepal. Its leaves are normally opposite, simple, petiolate and the main character for the recognition of the genera are the dehiscent or indehiscent fruits of the walnut, drupe or schizocarp types, along with the types of habits, that vary from shrub to arboreal, many of them lianescent This family has pantropical distribution, and in Brazil it is represented by 572 species and 45 genera. Despite their expressive diversity in the country, approaches on their taxonomy are still scarce, especially in the Brazilian Northeast. In this context, the present study aimed to present the taxonomic synopsis of Malpighiaceae in the State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil, in order to fill a gap of taxonomic information about this family. For this purpose, fertile specimens (with flowers and/or fruits) were collected, and the material was incorporated into the Manuel de Arruda Câmara Herbarium (ACAM), Campus I, of the State University of Paraíba (UEPB). The collections began in February and were finalized in November/2018, covering different municipalities and Mesorregion of Paraíba. The morphological analyzes were based on the specimens collected during the execution of this study, complemented by examining of specimens deposited in local (ACAM, EAN, JPB) and regional herbaria (RB) as well as in the Virtual Herbarium of Flora and Fungi (Reflora) and, when necessary, through the consultation of nomenclature types and protologue. For the identification in the levels of genus and species, specialized literature in the family was used. Twenty-eight species and 13 genera were recorded, with the species Banisteriopsis schizoptera, Bunchosia pernambucana, Byrsonima verbascifolia, Callaeum psilophyllum, Heteropterys coleoptera, H. rufula, Mascagnia cordifolia, and Tetrapterys phlomoides were recorded for the first time in the Paraíba State. We presented a key to identification of species, ink graphics of the diagnostic characters, comments on taxonomic affinities, geographic distribution, flowering and/or fruiting characteristics of the species. The results are presented in manuscript format, to be submitted to the newspaper Biota Neotropica.