Análise de desempenho de um dessalinizador solar tipo parabólico modificado para potabilização de água

Abstract

The Northeast region has a good development potential for the exploitation of solar energy, using desalination processes for the use of drinking water. The Brazilian semi-arid region, in addition to having a limited availability of water resources, has a high water content in the soil and water, thus, solar desalination is increasingly a competitive and sustainable solution. In this research, a thermal study of a modified parabolic solar desalinator was carried out, in order to obtain a water treated with power standards for human consumption and application in the semi-arid region of Paraíba. A new model of modified parabolic solar desalinator was designed and built and for comparison purposes, another type of double slope was built. As raw waters were collected at Sítio Poço de Pedra and Sítio Escurinha de Baixo, in the city of Juazeirinho - PB, and characterized, before and after the desalination process, by the following physical-chemical conditions: pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, turbidity, color, chlorides, hardness, sodium and potassium. For thermal analysis, measurements such as temperatures in the water, the glass and the desalination tray, the ambient temperature, the solar ventilation and the wind speed. The maximum water temperature reached was 90 ° C in the modified parabolic desalinator, with a solar pressure index of 1172 W.m-², presenting a desalinated water production of 4,133.3 mL.m^-2.day^-1. A thermal analysis carried out on the components of the desalinators, shows that the theoretical models fit the experimental data. After the desalination process, all physical and chemical parameters were reduced, with emphasis on the chloride and absorbed content, which reduced 99.36% and 100%, respectively. In this way, get to know the developed and viable and efficient prototype for use in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, since it was possible to desalinate brackish water, leaving it within the potability standards required by the Ministry of Health Ordinance in force in the country.