As estruturas do imaginário na Odisseia de Homero

Abstract

Literature is an element of formative character in the personality and culture of a people. Since antiquity, great literary classics have left a legacy of knowledge for humanity to understand their own life and continue to speak to modern man, despite all the cultural changes that have taken place since then. These works have myths at their core as living messages that speak directly to the reader. It is mainly in these classics that we must seek out this living and universal message and understand what they have to say to today's culture. Some of the most notable in this sense are Homer's classics. The aim of the research is to collect the most recurrent symbols in Odisseia of Homer (2018), and carry out a symbolic classification of them, taking into account the context in which these symbols were inserted, as well as the Image Regime prevailing in each of these categories. For this, we used the theory of imagery by Gilbert Durand (2002) and his approach method, which provided the key for the observation of the structures and regimes of the image present in the narrative. As a complement, we consider the assumptions of authors who dealt with Greek mythology, such as Grimal (2013) and Diel (1991), and mythology in the general sense, such as Campbell (2004), Barthes (2007), Eliade (1963), Armstrong (2005), among others. Such an analysis is justified by the fact of incurring a type of hermeneutics not yet implemented in this classic of Antiquity, in addition to bringing up a study of myth in one of the greatest classics of literature. A study that, in its results, elucidated, among other issues, the preponderant presence of the mystical structure in the Night Regime. We found a solar hero, Odysseus, coming from the Trojan War, who goes through a process of maturation until he becomes a lunar hero and reaches fullness in both the Day and Night Regimes.