Drogas ilícitas e sua relação com a vulnerabilidade social: Uma abordagem espacial

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Few social phenomena entail more costs with justice and health such as drug abuse. OBJECTIVE: To analyze cases of seizure of street drugs and their relationship with social vulnerability through spatial analysis in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, between 2013 and 2017, by analyzing the case records presented by the Paraíba Scientific Police Institute, Campina Grande headquarters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and analytical study based on primary data collected from the reports of the Paraíba Scientific Police Institute, as well as secondary data collected from the Brazilian Institute of Science database. Geography and Statistics. Descriptive and analytical statistics were generated. RESULTS: Of the 2,834 cases evaluated, 1,160 (41%) corresponded to cases of indicted for possession of drugs with place of seizure and residence appropriate to the municipality of study. The year 2016 (21%) had the highest occurrence record. The accused had a predominantly adult, young, aged between 19 and 35 years (49.5%), male (83.8%), elementary school level (75.4%) and single status as marital status (71.7%). Of the illicit substances analyzed toxicologically in the forensic laboratory there was a predominance of seizures of Cannabis sativa Linneu (64.4%) with ―smoking‖ use pattern, followed by cocaine (33.1%), which also had ―smoking‖. As standard of use. The neighborhoods of Serrotão (n = 143), Bodocongó (n = 77) and José Pinheiro (n = 102) had a high number of cases, practically throughout the study period. The Castelo Branco, Lauritzen, Distrito Universitário, and Louzeiro neighborhoods were the only municipal districts with no case records over the years. The Moran Global Index (I) was statistically calculated and it was found that in fact, in the global aspect, from 2013 to 2017, there was no autocorrelation in the study region. However, annually checking the local type spatial autocorrelation, analyzing ―neighborhood by neighborhood‖ through the Moran Local Index (Ii), it was found that the neighborhoods of Serrotão, Bodocongó, José Pinheiro, Malvinas and Três Irmãs presented positive spatial autocorrelation. Regarding the average cases of seizures of street drugs, the neighborhoods that presented the highest averages were Serrotão (n = 28.6), José Pinheiro (n = 20.4), Bodocongó (n = 15.4), Liberdade ( n = 10.8), Jeremias (n = 10.6) and Malvinas (n = 9.6). The neighborhoods with the lowest average seizures were: Castelo Branco (n = 0), Distrito Universitário (n = 0), Louzeiro (n = 0), Lauritzen (n = 0) and Itararé (n = 0.25). Regarding Social Vulnerability (VS) 48% of the neighborhoods (n = 24) were classified as ―very high or high social vulnerability‖. After applying Spearman's statistical test, a positive correlation was found between the Social Vulnerability Index (IVS) and the average number of cases of seizures of street drugs in the municipality of Campina Grande, a directly proportional relationship. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented in this research are important in conducting and strengthening public policies related to illicit drugs, especially because they characterize a local reality.