Água para todos ou para quem pode pagar? Contornos e dificuldades do acesso à água enquanto direito humano e fundamental

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to analyze the democratic process of distribution and access to water in the face of the water scarcity scenario in Campina Grande - PB. Water as a fundamental human right is essential for the realization of many rights, and the recognition and normativity of the fundamental right is necessary. In this sense, the General Comment No. 15/2003 of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), whose protection, according to the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Water, constitutes a legal obligation for every man or social group to uses. It is known that access to water as an economic right of development is not only a matter of satisfying present and future demands, but its quantity is influenced not only by demographic increase or migratory flows, but also by the increase in agricultural production or industrial, it is natural that there is a concern with the management of water resources, notably through the implementation of Objective 06, Agenda 2030, of the UN. The binomial availability and management of water resources requires that all national federative entities, make access to water as an economic right of development, require the study of development theories. With the 1988 Federal Constitution, water resources began to receive more specific treatment as public goods, common and finite, and water management became essential for effective urban management. Until then, urban planning did not reconcile its development with environmental issues and with the City Statute (Law No. 10.257 / 01), water protection became an essential element for effective urban management, and municipalities should edit their Plans Directors with policies that integrate the development of cities with natural resources, in the claim of sustainable cities ensured through urban development integrated with water management. The methodology of the research in order to meet the objectives is of the exploratory and descriptive type, with an analytical approach of the quanti-qualitative data, as a data collection instrument was used the non-participant observation, the semi-structured interview, for data analysis will be used to content analysis. From the analysis of the results it is verified that the lack of access to water demands the implementation of public policies so that the supply is made in an egalitarian and democratic way, also so that the population does not feel constantly threatened by the scarcity of water. In this sense, the study expands the debate on the violation of the fundamental human right to drinking water so essential to human life.