Indicadores agroeconômicos do algodão em sistema consorciado, com e sem adubação orgânica

Abstract

Cotton is one of the most important plants for fiber production, as well as being a source of animal feed and raw material for oil production. Culture of socioeconomic importance that was once one of the largest sources of income in the Brazilian Northeast. One alternative that has been shown to be economically viable and ecologically sustainable for cropping systems with crop diversity in a small area is the intercropping technique. Besides being very important in the management of agroecological systems, intercropping provides greater diversity of niches and resources that stimulate agrobiodiversity. Given the context, the objective of this work is to evaluate the cotton cultivation in intercropping with forage palm and food crops, with and without organic fertilization, from agroeconomic indicators in intercropping and single agroecosystems, aiming to identify the most advantageous system. The experiment was c arried out at Dulinos Agroecological Farm, municipality of Baraúna-PB, in a randomized block design, established in fourteen treatments, consisting of seven population arrangements (cotton + forage palm; cotton + maize bean; cotton + corn; single cotton; bean single macassar, single forage palm and single corn) in the presence and absence of organic fertilization, distributed in a 7 x 2 factorial scheme with four replications. Evaluations were performed productivity, agronomic indices (land efficiency use, land equivalent coefficient, time equivalent area ratio, competitiveness ratio, system productivity index and aggressiveness) and economic (gross income, net income and advantage). The weight of boll in herbaceous cotton plants BRS Aroeira was positively affected by the use of organic fertilization. Malvacea when intercropped with the palm presented the highest weight of boll (4,25 g) and the lowest weight was found when cotton was simultaneously cultivated with beans, representing a decrease of 18,28 % in relation to the yield of single crop. (4,05 g). The greatest monetary advantage was obtained in the cotton + palm agroecosystem that outperformed the other treatments. The BRS Aroeira + forage palm cotton consortium has higher biological and economic efficiency than isolated crops, and is a viable option for small and medium producers in the eastern Paraiba Seridó region.