Perfil de vítima de acidentes de transporte terrestre (ATT): Um estudo realizado em Campina Grande – PB

Abstract

Aim: To analyze the different profiles of victims of road traffic accidents (RTA), exploring associations between sociodemographic categories of victims, circumstances of the event and characteristics of traumas, and conducting temporal analysis between years of 2012 and 2016. Material and Methods: The study evaluated cases recorded in the Department of Legal Medicine and Dentistry (NUMOL) from 2008 to 2016 of road traffic accident victims who suffered body and / or facial trauma. Socio-demographic variables evaluated were: age, sex, city of residence, marital status and employment situation. Regarding the event, variables type of accident, year, day and shift in which the accident occurred were analyzed. Regarding injuries, variables body region, presence of facial trauma, affected face region and type of trauma were analyzed. For data analysis, descriptive and multivariate statistics, performed through Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), was used to determine the profiles, as well as temporal analysis to determine if there was a temporal trend of accidents over the years. Results: In relation to victims of road traffic accidents, the formation of 3 profiles (G1, G2 and G3) was verified. G1 was composed of male motorcyclists who had a partner (married / stable union) aged 30-59, salaried and self-employed workers, which accident occurred on a working day in the day shift (morning and afternoon), with absence of facial traumas. G2 was composed of victims of car accidents, single, aged up to 29 years, residents of the rural and suburban areas, which accident occurred on weekends, at night or dawn, and had facial traumas. G3 corresponded to female pedestrians, victims of car accidents, widows or separated, aged 60 years or more, without homogeneity in relation to the day and shift of occurrence of these accidents and the presence of facial trauma. In relation to the profile of older adults victims of RTA, it was found that the mean age was 69.3 years (SD = 7.3) and two victimization profiles with different characteristics (G1 and G2) were obtained. G1 was mainly composed of male motorcycle victims of accidents, residents in the suburban area, married or in a stable union, ranging in age from 60 to 69 years, which accident occurred on weekends in the morning or night shift, presenting facial traumas. G2 was mostly composed of female pedestrians, urban residents, without partners (widows, separated or single), aged 70 or over, which accident occurred on weekdays in the morning or afternoon, and with body trauma. In relation to temporal analysis, a decreasing global temporal trend (R^2=0.324; p<0.001) was observed, with the exception of cases involving women, which showed a significant increasing trend (R^2= 0.311; p = 0.027) and for car accidents (R^2= 0.074, p =0.112), stable trend was verified. Conclusion: Three different profiles after MCA were identified, with different characteristics for each type of accident. In relation to older adults, two groups were identified: one composed of males, in which victims were mainly of motorcycle accidents and the other one related to female pedestrians. In addition, a decreasing overall trend was observed, except for cases of female victims (increasing trend) and those of car accidents (stable trend). It is extremely important to monitor epidemiological data in order to verify changes in profiles and to evaluate the results of implemented public policies.