Variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em adolescentes com excesso de peso: Um estudo de intervenção

Abstract

Excessive weight in adolescents, currently, corresponds to one of the most worrisome problems due to long-term health damage, since it interferes mainly in physiological processes affecting not only cardiac, but also autonomic nervous system homeostasis. T his study objective is to evaluate the impact of physical exercise, with the aid of active video game, on the variability of the cardiac resting rate in adolescents with overweight or obesity. Intervention study quasi-experimental carried out from September to November 2016. Sample consisted of 55 overweight or obese adolescents, in the age group between 15 and 19 years, attending in the first and second year of high school of public schools in Campina Grande - Paraíba. The intervention consisted of two games of musical genre (Just Dance 2014 and 2016) for Xbox 360® performed three times a week (150 minutes per week). The level of physical activity was verified by the IPAQ (short version), the anthropometry measurement used was weight, height and waist circumference. The app HRV expert CardioMood® recorded heart rate variability. Data normality was verified through the Shapiro-Wilk test. The comparison of the means of the data concerning the variability of the cardiac rate of the adolescents before and after the intervention was through analysis of variance (ANOVA one way). McNemar test compared the distribution of nutritional status, physical activity level and height-waist circumference ratio. This study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the UEPB with CAAE number 56118616.1.0000.5187. As a result, there was a reduction in one case of obesity and four adolescents got out of inactivity, but there was no significance (p = 0.145 and p = 0.528). In the height-abdominal circumference ratio, the increase after completion of the intervention was significant (p = 0.004), characterizing an increase in abdominal obesity. Data regarding heart rate variability did not represent significant changes (p> 0.05), but there was an increased tendency in all variables. There was no correlation between the variables of the nutritional status and the cardiac rate variability (p> 0.05). A positive correlation was found between resting heart rate and cardiac sympathetic stimulation before intervention (p = 0.009, r = 0.595). The proposal and execution of active video game intervention as a physical activity reflected positively on the variables that characterize heart rate variability, even though the difference between the basal and the after the conclusion of the activity parameters represented no significance.