As experiências de reuso de água no nordeste: elaborações em torno da emergência de uma "questão hídrica"

Abstract

The misuse and management of water resources available in the world, Brazil and specifically in the northeastern semi-arid region, is increasingly exacerbating the problem about the waters, making it indispensable to search for viable alternatives to safe drinking water, redefining the social use of this natural resource. The democratization of access to water as a human right is imperative in the current days, and the technique of reuse of effluent water has been showing globally efficient, in an attempt to minimize the negative environmental impacts that the indiscriminate use of hydric resources carries. This research aims to study the environmental problematization, focusing on the sustainable development of this natural resource and the emergence of the water issue, evidenced by five experiments developed in the area of reuse of effluent water in the semi-arid. Northeastern-Project Reuse, Project Palmas for Santana, Project Viva Water, family Biowater project and project São José III. The present study aims to analyze the processes of the elaboration of a "water issue" around the experiences of recourse in the Northeast, revealing speeches, actors and models being developed and the justifications adopted to legitimize these choices. The research also aims to grasp at what extent and from which assumptions the themes of water reuse and development are being worked in the experiences. Through predominantly documentary analysis, it was possible to realize that the articulation of a sustainable local development speech guides the studied experiences, and that such reuse projects legitimize through the benefits of reduced range to a specific audience, Small reach, predominantly rural, marginalized from the process of modernization, through the strengthening of coexistence with the semi-arid. As regards reuse for industrial purposes, it was perceived to be the economic intent camouflaged through the environmental sustainability discourse for the locality. Finally, through the experiments analyzed, it has also been apprehended that obstacles perusing water reuse in the semi-arid, such as social acceptance of technique and scarce legislation on the subject.