Qualidade do sono e fatores associados em idosas praticantes e não praticantes de atividade física

Abstract

Introduction: human aging is a multifactorial process that leads to biopsychosocial changes that can interfere with the architecture and sleep quality. Elderly with a bad quality sleep tend to be more susceptible to impairments of physical and mental health, besides presenting a bigger risk of hospitalization and mortality. Studies have been seeking for the investigation of factors related to the bad sleep quality, such as bad self perception of health, health situation, cognitive impairment, and depression. The practice of physical exercise brings sleep benefits; however, the factors related to the sleep quality in elderly can differ between practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activities. Objectives: to evaluate the health situation, cognitive impairment, and degree of depression, related to the sleep quality in elderly women practicing and non-practicing physical activity. Material and methods: transversal study, constituted by a sample of 71 elderly women; 35 of them practitioners of physical activity, linked to the Open University in Free Time Program, of the State University of Paraíba, and 36 elderly women that do not practice physical activity, attending social groups in Campina Grande/PB, Brazil. The dependent variable of this study is the sleep quality. The independent variables analyzed were: self-assessment of health, depression, osteoarticular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes, self- reported. The continuous independent variables analyzed were: depression, dementia, and memory. The data typing was submitted to a double entry, validated through the statistical program Epi Info 6.04. The statistical data was obtained through the statistical apps SPSS 22.0 for Windows and R Core Team. Were estimated simple and multiple models of logistic regression, and simple and multiple models of linear regression. The elderly women received explanations about the study and, after agreeing to participate, signed the Consent Form, therefore the research was made in accordance to the ethical aspects involving human resea rch, as advocated on the Resolution number 466/2012 of the National Health Council of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: the elderly women practicing physical activity presented average age of 70.3 years (± 5.1), while the non-practitioners of physical activity presented average age of 72.8 years (± 8.3). The most part of the elderly women presented good sleep quality, in both groups. In the evaluation of the association between sleep quality and health situation, the variable of self-assessment of health was statistically related to the sleep quality in the bivariate analysis among the practitioners of physical activity, as well as in the multivariate analysis. In the group of non-practitioners of physical activity, all the variables of the study were tested; however, none of the variables presented a significant association with the sleep quality. In the evaluation of the association of the cognitive impairment and degree of depression with the sleep quality it was verified a statistically significant correlation between sleep quality and depression, on the simple linear analysis in the physical activity group. On the multiple linear analysis, depression was correlated with sleep quality, in both groups. Conclusions: the bad health self-assessment of the elderly practicing physical activity has significant influence on the sleep quality. Furthermore, the higher de degree of depression in the elderly practicing physical activity, the less compromised is the sleep quality. Among elderly non-practicing physical activity, the higher degree of depression is related to greater problems with the sleep quality.