Sistema de indicadores de sustentabilidade para unidades de produção de petróleo e gás offshore

Abstract

Given the scenario of increasing oil and gas production in the Brazilian marine environment and the increasing participation of companies of different nationalities, sizes and perceptions about the implementation of sustainability management in the development of its activities, this research discusses the management of the sustainability of offshore oil and gas production units. The discussion takes place through the identification of the environmental, social and economic impacts resulting from the performance of its activities, presenting as a solution for the improvement of this management, a system of sustainability indicators adequately constructed, robust and systemic, based on multicriteria analysis and multiple decision-making.As for nature, the work was classified as applied research; objectives are descriptive and exploratory research; and regarding procedures, followed the classification of bibliographic and documentary research. The problem researched was approached by raising knowledge about sustainable development, indicators of sustainability and on the offshore production of oil and gas. The related subjects were submitted to analyzes, discussions, and interpretations, and finally, the system of sustainability indicators for offshore oil and gas production units was constructed. The application of the system of indicators proposed in the research is based on the use of the PROMETHEE II method and the COPELAND multipl decision-making method, through RIOSS software. As an application, area of the proposed model, the geographic area occupied by offshore oil and gas production units, their support facilities and their areas of influence were defined. The system of sustainability indicators was developed in eight stages, presenting, in the end, 54 indicators, distributed among the dimensions: economic (10 indicators), environmental (14 indicators), social (11 indicators), and operational (19 indicators). The validation of the model was carried out through its application to 3 oil and gas production units in activity in the maritime environment of Brazil, carefully selected and compared with a unit considered pattern in sustainability. The results obtained present relevant information that is discussed as a way of stimulating the understanding of the importance of the sustainability management of oil and gas production activities. The objective of this discussion is also to offer contributions to the definition of public policies more directed to the reconciliation of the divergent dimensions of sustainability, especially when it concerns activities of the significant potential polluter, of great economic relevance, with beneficial social impacts, but also capable of negative impacts of enormous proportions.