Fogão solar do tipo caixa: Relato de uma experiência didática para o ensino de propagação do calor

Abstract

In recent years, Education has been undergoing numerous developments, especially when it refers to the efforts in leading education in Physics teaching. For this, new materials and methods are developed on an ever-increasing scale, so much of these takes part in today's regular and technical high school classrooms. Many of these alternatives are linked to the use of information and communication technologies, and other proposals are oriented to the use of low cost experiments or even the use of the school structure itself, as laboratories or video rooms. Within many created and existing alternatives, we chose the low cost experiments as a didactic tool in the search for a better strategy of teaching Heat Propagation through a low cost box type solar cooker. In this sense, an action qualitative research was developed and it aimed to use a low cost box type solar cooker as a didactic proposal to teach Heat Propagation from the construction, use and analysis of the obtained results. The work was developed at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba (IFPB Campus Sousa), and the target audience was the 2nd grade class of the Technical Course in Environment composed by 11 students, which were divided into 3 groups in which each group was responsible for working with a different solar cooker. The didactic proposal was divided in 4 workshops at school, with duration of 2 hours each, in which workshops 1 and 2 concerned the stoves‟ assembly, workshop 3 carried out the experimentation and data collection using notes and the thermal sensors coupled to the stoves, and the workshop 4 analyzed the efficiency of the stoves from the presentation of the program content Heat Propagation. During the workshops, the solar cooker was built and put into operation by students who collected information about its operation for later analysis in the classroom. For this procedure, Delizoicov's pedagogical moments were used, which are: the initial problematization, the knowledge organization and the knowledge application, seeking the effectiveness of this practice. In the last workshop were made: the programmatic content presentation, a small questionnaire application and the presentation of a graphic with the data collected by thermal sensors connected to a data collection system made in Arduino that allowed verifying with accuracy the actual heating of each stove. At the end of the workshops, it was noticed that the pedagogical moments of Delizoicov and the didactic proposal have become extremely effective for Heat Propagation teaching, as well as offer conditions to become a common practice in classrooms such as the technical course in the Environment of IFPB Campus Sousa.