Burnout, tensão emocional e depressão em profissionais de Enfermagem em ambiente hospitalar

Abstract

Burnout is a syndrome characterized by high physical and mental exhaustion triggered by psychosocial stressors at work, while depression is a type of affective disorder that causes mental changes, body and mood disorders. The causes of burnout are associated with the individual's perception and / or interaction with the work context, while depression results from negative personal experiences, without reference to specific contexts. The objective of the study was to analyze the impact of burnout syndrome on depression in nursing professionals of a hospital located in Campina Grande - PB. 220 professionals participated, including 178 nursing technicians and 42 nurses (83.66% sample). The Maslach Burnout Inventory (HSS version) was used to evaluate the three dimensions of burnout (Emotional Exhaustion, Work Efficacy and Cynicism), and the General Health Questionnaire Factor II (QSG-12) to assess the degree of tension caused by difficulties faced at work. A Sociodemographic Questionnaire was also used to characterize the sample. After launching the data in the Statistical Package for Social Science program, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and percentage), correlation (Spearman) and regression (linear) analyzes were performed. The results indicate that mental health is preserved in most of the sample, but burnout syndrome is in the process of development in 15% of professionals, manifested by high levels of Emotional Exhaustion, and that 3.2% of the participants present depression. The Spearman correlation calculation indicated that the three dimensions of burnout correlated significantly and directly with the Emotional Tension and Depression factor. Regression analysis showed that there is shared among the three prediction predictors, and the Emotional Exhaustion factor the strongest predictor direct from Emotional Stress and Depression, and more Beta in all equations, explaining alone 17% of the variance. In the sample, the Emotional Exhaustion showed prevalent and predictor of Emotional Stress and Depression, it is important that the hospital develop health programs to combat it among visa workers that this is the main dimension and that comes first in the development process of burnout.