Desenvolvimento de um enxaguatório bucal com extrato nebulizado de Guapira graciliflora (L.)

Abstract

The plants have been a rich source of medicinal agents, serving as a foundation for the synthesis of drugs, and making the Caatinga, like the other biomes, a valuable barn for the discovery of new antimicrobial agents, valuing the ethnobotanical knowledge and its phytogeography. Guapira graciliflora Lundell belonging to the family Nyctaginaceae is popularly known as João-Mole and has been shown to be a strong candidate with antimicrobial action. This work aimed to develop a new mouthwash formulation from the G. graciliflora Lundell nebulized extract, in order to decrease and control the dental biofilm. The extract obtained by spraying was submitted to a toxicity test in Artemia salina. Phytochemical and microbiological screenings of the nebulized extract of joão-mole, for determination of its secondary metabolites and its major compound, and evaluation by microdilution, against the microorganisms involved with the formation of the dental biofilm: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus parasanguis and Streptococcus oralis. Quantitative phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids in the concentration of 13.89mg mL-1, and tannins 5.96mg mL-1. Identification of the major component was performed using Mass Spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-MS), suggesting the presence of pinitol, rutin and kaemptoferol. G. graciliflora Lundell, and the final formulation showed antimicrobial activity against three of the four strains tested. The physicochemical analyzes showed that the nebulized extract is highly hygroscopic, has low density, poorly acidic pH and loss by desiccation within the parameters recommended by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. A preformulation study was performed with pharmaceutical excipients and the nebulized extract through Thermal Analysis, Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FT- IR). The compatibility study demonstrated that sodium lauryl sulfate, propylparaben and sorbitol were the excipients chosen to make up the formulation. As for the lots produced, the pH, viscosity and organoleptic characteristics observed after 24 hours of manipulation and at the end of thermal stress and centrifugation tests presented stability, thus representing an excellent herbal alternative for the prevention and control of dental biofilm.